MADAGASCAR’S GEN Z DRIVES PROTESTS, BUT OFFERS FEW ANSWERS ON WHAT’S NEXT

Madagascar’s Gen Z drives protests, but offers few answers on what’s next

Protesters gather outside the town hall on Independence Avenue during a nationwide youth-led demonstration against frequent power outages and water shortages, in Antananarivo, Madagascar, October 14, 2025.

The thousands of young protesters chanting vitriolic slogans against Madagascar's President Andry Rajoelina in Antananarivo were clear about what they wanted him to do.

"He has to quit. Immediately," 21-year-old law and politics student Angie Rakoto said at a demonstration on May 13 Square, named after a 1972 youth-led revolution that kicked out the first post-independence president Philbert Tsiranana. Asked about what should come next, she shrugged.

"Honestly, I've no idea who should replace him," she said, as a crowd cheered "Rajoelina, get out!" behind her. "But it has to be someone who is here for the Malagasy people, not himself."

Rakoto and thousands of Gen Z protesters who have staged weeks of demonstrations against Rajoelina are scenting victory since the president fled in a French military aircraft. He has not stepped down nor made any public appearance.

GEN Z ANGER DRIVES PROTEST

Madagascar's turmoil appears typical of youth-led protest movements around the world in the past few weeks: demonstrators are desperate for change but unsure what it will look like.

Constitutionally, if Rajoelina steps aside, the newly appointed interim president of the Senate, Jean André Ndremanjary, should take over until elections are held.

But with the protest movement having no leader, and the army playing a role in turning the tables against Rajoelina, it seems increasingly likely a military man would take charge.

That does not worry many protesters - despite the fact that after Tsiranana's downfall, two successive military leaders ran the economy into the ground.

"A military man, if he cares about the territory, that's fine," said Fanizy Razafimandimby, a 30-year-old mechanic on the square flanked by colonial buildings between two steep hills "That's for the transition. Our hope is for someone who can repair things."

Asked who that might be, he said: "I don't have anyone specific in mind," echoing responses from a dozen other protesters interviewed by Reuters. 

AN ISLAND STATE MIRED IN POVERTY

Madagascar remains one of the world's poorest countries, even compared with most of the African mainland. Three quarters of people live below the World Bank's poverty line of $2.15 a day, a proportion that has barely shifted in four decades. Average income is $600 a year.

The Indian Ocean island, whose median age is 19, ranks in the bottom 20 of the U.N. Human Development Index tracking a broad range of wellbeing metrics.

Some of those gathered at the protest wore torn, dust-strained clothes, while shoeless children flitted between them rubbing their stomachs and stretching out palms to beg for change.

Many Malagasy blamed ex-colonial master France for their problems, and Rajoelina's dual citizenship and perceived closeness to France was repeatedly denounced by youths taking the microphone at the protest.

Mamisoa Ravonsinirina, 30, knows firsthand how angry people are about power cuts: he works in a call centre fielding complaints on behalf of the national electricity provider.

"You have to calm them down. I tell them things will get better," he said, marching down a street alongside protesters holding a Malagasy flag. "But I know the reality."

His own house was not spared power and water shortages, and with his 700,000 ariary ($150) a month salary - even with a master's degree - he has struggled with the rising food prices.

Madagascar's economy depends on commodities: vanilla, of which it grows two thirds of global supply; minerals such as nickel, sapphires and ilmenite - a pigment used to whiten things like plastics and toothpaste; seafood; and textiles.

Successive governments have failed to generate prosperity from these prized goods, and Rajoelina's unfulfilled promises to do so were a major theme of the protest.

"We ask for jobs, we ask for electricity, we ask for rice we can afford, and what do we get? Damned speeches," said Andre Hassana, 26, a tour guide specialising in Anglophone tourists.

Asked if Rajoelina's replacement might be as bad, he replied: "Not this time. Malagasy people are good learners. We won't tolerate this again."